orchestra
genresOR-kes-truh
A large ensemble of instruments organised into sections: strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion.
An orchestra is a large ensemble organised into four sections: strings (violin, viola, cello, double bass), woodwinds (flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon), brass (trumpet, French horn, trombone, tuba), and percussion (timpani, snare drum, cymbals, and many more). The conductor coordinates the ensemble using a baton and gestures, shaping tempo, dynamics, balance, and interpretation.
A full symphony orchestra typically includes 60–100 musicians. The string section forms the core, with the first violins usually carrying the melody. Woodwinds add colour and solo passages. Brass provides power and brilliance. Percussion anchors rhythm and adds dramatic impact. The modern orchestra emerged in the 18th century and expanded through the 19th — Haydn's orchestras had about 30 players, while Mahler's demanded over 100.
The Vienna Philharmonic did not admit women until 1997 — making it one of the last major orchestras to do so. Today, women make up roughly a third of its membership.