microphone
techniquesMY-kroh-fohn
A device that converts sound waves into electrical signals for amplification or recording.
A microphone captures acoustic sound and converts it into an electrical signal that can be amplified, recorded, or broadcast. The three main microphone types are dynamic, condenser, and ribbon, each with distinct characteristics suited to different applications. Dynamic microphones like the Shure SM58 are rugged and ideal for live vocals. Condenser microphones offer greater sensitivity and detail, making them the standard for studio recording. Ribbon microphones capture a warm, natural tone prized for brass, strings, and voice. Microphone placement profoundly affects the recorded sound — close-miking an instrument captures detail and isolation, while room miking captures ambience and reverb. In popular music, the microphone enabled singers with intimate vocal styles to be heard over a full band, transforming the art of singing.
The first commercial microphone was developed by Emile Berliner in 1876, originally for use with Alexander Graham Bell's telephone.